Knob-and-Tube Wiring: What Real Estate Professionals Should Know

 

Older homes offer charm and character, but they can also present legacy building systems that today’s buyers need to understand. One of the most common examples is knob-and-tube wiring. While it was a standard electrical method in homes built roughly between 1880 and the 1940s, it is now considered obsolete and may raise safety, insurance, and transaction concerns.

What Is Knob-and-Tube Wiring?
Knob-and-tube wiring consists of individual hot and neutral conductors run separately through wall and ceiling cavities. Ceramic knobs were used to support wires along framing members, while ceramic tubes protected wires as they passed through wood. At the time, this system worked well for the limited electrical demands of the era.

How to Identify It
Identifying knob-and-tube wiring is not always straightforward. In some cases, it has been partially removed or concealed during renovations. Common indicators include:

• Porcelain knobs attached to exposed framing in basements or attics

• Ceramic tubes where wiring passes through joists or studs

• Cloth-wrapped wiring without a modern outer jacket

• Absence of a grounding conductor

Importantly, knob-and-tube wiring is often hidden behind finished walls or ceilings. Even when it is not visible, certain clues—such as the age of the home, outdated electrical panels, or mixed wiring types—may suggest it is present.

Where Inspectors Commonly Look
Home inspectors typically check accessible areas, including:

• Unfinished basements and crawlspaces

• Attics, especially near attic hatches or junction points

• Electrical panels and visible branch circuits

• Open wall cavities at plumbing or renovation access points

Because much of the wiring may be concealed, inspectors cannot always see the entire system. However, a qualified home inspector can identify visible components and note conditions that strongly indicate hidden knob-and-tube wiring may still exist.

Why It Matters
Knob-and-tube wiring presents several concerns:

• It was not designed for modern electrical loads

• Insulation can become brittle over time, increasing the risk of overheating

• It lacks grounding, which limits protection from electrical faults

• It may have been improperly modified over the years

In addition, many insurance companies restrict or deny coverage for homes with active knob-and-tube wiring, which can impact financing and closing timelines.

Cost to Remove or Rewire
For an average 1,500 square foot home, the cost to remove or rewire knob-and-tube wiring typically ranges from $8,000 to $15,000, though it can be higher depending on accessibility, wall finishes, and local labor rates. Homes requiring significant wall and ceiling repairs after rewiring may see additional costs. While this is a substantial investment, it often improves safety, insurability, and long-term property value.

The Inspector’s Role
Finding knob-and-tube wiring is not always easy, and it cannot always be fully confirmed without opening walls. That is where a professional home inspection adds value. A home inspector can identify visible components, recognize warning signs, and clearly communicate when knob-and-tube wiring is present or likely present—even if it cannot be fully seen.

For real estate agents and clients alike, understanding knob-and-tube wiring helps set realistic expectations and supports informed decision-making when working with older homes. 

Nine Tips to Get the Best WiFi Performance in Your New Home

 In today’s connected world, reliable Wi-Fi is as essential as running water and electricity. Whether your clients work from home, stream entertainment, or manage smart devices, signal quality directly affects comfort and satisfaction in their new property. While home inspectors don’t evaluate internet systems, we understand how critical connectivity is for homeowners — and a few simple choices can make all the difference.

 

Choosing the Right Router Location

The placement of a Wi-Fi router determines how evenly the signal reaches throughout the home. Encourage your clients to:

• Locate the router centrally. The signal radiates outward, so positioning it near the center of the home (both horizontally and vertically) helps minimize weak spots.
• Keep it elevated. Mounting the router on a shelf or wall, rather than placing it on the floor or behind furniture, improves line-of-sight performance.
• Avoid corners and basements. These areas often have dense walls or concrete that absorb and weaken wireless signals.

 

Avoiding Common Interference Sources

Many homeowners unknowingly place routers near signal-blocking or signal-competing items. Advise them to avoid:

• Metal objects or mirrors. These reflect and scatter signals, reducing strength.
• Microwaves and cordless phones. Older devices operate on similar frequencies (2.4 GHz) and can cause interference.
• Thick materials like brick, stone, or tile. Wi-Fi struggles to pass through dense construction materials; it’s best to place the router near open hallways or central rooms.

 

Planning for Larger Homes or Multiple Levels

For homes over 2,500 sq ft or with multiple floors, even an ideal router location may not provide full coverage. Suggest:

• Mesh networks. These systems use multiple access points that communicate seamlessly, ensuring a uniform signal throughout the property.
• Wi-Fi extenders. While less advanced than mesh systems, they can boost weak areas effectively if placed midway between the router and the dead zone.
• Hard-wired connections where possible. For high-demand uses like home offices or media rooms, connecting via Ethernet provides stability that Wi-Fi can’t match.

 

Safety and Aesthetic Considerations

Modern routers are designed to blend with home décor, but homeowners should still ensure they remain visible and unobstructed. Stashing a router inside a cabinet, behind a television, or near water sources (like aquariums or kitchens) can reduce performance and potentially risk overheating.

Reliable connectivity is no longer a luxury — it’s a necessity. Helping your clients understand these basics not only adds value to your service but also prevents unnecessary frustration after move-in.

 

At Carey Home Inspection, we don’t inspect internet systems, but we recognize their importance in every modern home. By offering small, practical tips like these, you can help your clients transition smoothly and enjoy their new property from day one.

Top 5 Causes of Dryer Fires

Improper dryer vent material is one of the most common things we point out at an inspection. Vinyl or foil vent material can trap lint and is often kinked or crushed behind the dryer.    Dryer fires are most often caused by a buildup of highly combustible lint in the dryer's vent and duct system, which can be ignited by the dryer's heating element. To prevent these fires, homeowners should regularly clean the lint filter after every load, check and clean the entire vent system (including behind the dryer and the exterior vent), and use rigid metal venting instead of plastic or foil. Warning signs of a potential fire include a burning smell, clothes taking longer to dry, or clothes feeling hotter than usual. In case of a fire, leave the door closed, turn off the dryer, and call 911 immediately.    What Causes Dryer Fires?   Lint Buildup: The most significant cause, where lint accumulates in the dryer's heating element, exhaust duct, and on the back of the machine, providing fuel for a fire.    Improper Venting: Long, twisted, or restricted vent pipes create more opportunities for lint to collect.    Flammable Venting Materials: Using flimsy plastic or foil-based ductwork is a hazard because it can trap lint and melt when exposed to heat.    Overloading: Packing the dryer with too many clothes can cause it to overheat and take longer to dry, increasing the risk of lint buildup and ignition.    Electrical/Mechanical Issues: Faulty wiring or damaged machine parts can also contribute to dryer fires.

What to look for when buying a house you will share with your pet

 

House Hunters often focus on a home's structural integrity, curb appeal, and neighborhood features when searching for their perfect property. However, for many buyers, their pets are just as much a part of the family as their children. Taking pet safety into consideration during home tours is critical in finding the right home. Here are a few key pet safety factors they should keep in mind:   1. Fencing and Yard Security For clients with dogs, a secure backyard is often a top priority. Look for fencing that is in good repair, with no gaps, loose panels, or areas a pet could dig under or jump over. Pay attention to landscaping as well—some common plants, like azaleas and sago palms, are toxic to pets.   2. Flooring and Interior Surfaces Hardwood and tile floors are pet-friendly for easy cleaning, but also check for loose tiles, slippery surfaces, or steep stairs that could pose risks, especially for older pets. Carpeting in multi-pet households can trap allergens and odors if not properly maintained.   3. Hazards in the Home Layout Open staircases, lofts with low railings, or large gaps in banisters can be dangerous for both pets and small children. Also, homes with tight spaces behind appliances or cabinets may provide tempting hiding spots that could lead to trouble.   4. Nearby Traffic and Noise Homes near busy roads or with minimal yard setbacks may not be ideal for owners of outdoor pets. High-traffic areas can be hazardous and stressful for animals. Additionally, consider proximity to loud businesses or train lines that might frighten sensitive pets.   5. Access to Green Spaces Highlight nearby dog parks, trails, or pet-friendly amenities. Easy access to outdoor recreation can be a major selling point for pet owners looking to maintain an active lifestyle with their companions. By keeping an eye out for these pet-focused details, buyers can be better prepared as they evaluate their next home for every member of the family, with two legs or four.

Oh no, the homeowner is attending the inspection

 Given that a person's home is often their greatest financial asset, it’s not uncommon that homeowners want to attend the inspection. After all, if someone is going to be poking around in all the corners and closets, running water in the bathrooms, and turning the heat on and off, most of us would want to be there too. It’s typically best for homeowners to leave supervision of their home during the inspection to the real estate agent, but some are not satisfied in doing that. So, how do you handle a homeowner at the inspection?

First, never forget it’s their home, and we, the inspector, buyer, and agents, are all guests. While we do have a job to perform, we are visitors in their home and should not forget that. Being respectful of the homeowner's requests, questions, and instructions is important. Second, never forget that the homeowner has an interest in the sale, so buyers should always feel secure in talking privately with their inspector. Just because the homeowner is at the inspection does not make them part of the inspection.

Homeowners should be informed that while the inspection is about their house, the information discovered is for the buyer, and inspectors may not share their thoughts, even if asked. Most inspectors have a set routine to ensure that they look at everything required, so homeowners should not feel a need to show them around the house unless it is an unusual home with hidden areas. Homeowners are often eager to show inspectors the upgrades or improvements they have made over the years, not understanding that the inspector is there to evaluate the house in its current condition, and these conversations can be distracting or even red flags if they were DIY projects. 

After the inspection, many inspectors review or point out some of the issues they found, but while many homeowners may want to be a part of this conversation, they should not. The potential for the owner to become defensive or attempt to explain away a defect is high, and the danger of concessions without time to reflect or investigate can also happen on both sides of the transaction. 

 

It’s usually best for a homeowner to not attend the inspection however, if they do, they should be present but not a participant. Having time to evaluate their potential purchase is something every buyer should have the freedom to do without distraction.

Don't Forget the Sewer Scope When Recommending Inspections for Your Buyer

As a real estate professional, you work hard to ensure your clients make informed decisions when buying or selling a home. One of the most overlooked yet crucial aspects of a home inspection is the sewer system. A sewer scope inspection can save your clients thousands of dollars and prevent future headaches, making it an essential service to consider during the home-buying process.

 

Why Sewer Scope Inspections Matter

Most standard home inspections do not include a detailed review of the sewer line, yet it’s one of the most expensive components of a home to repair. Over time, sewer lines can become damaged due to root intrusion, shifting soil, aging pipes, and blockages. Without a proper inspection, these issues may go unnoticed until they cause significant damage, leading to costly repairs.

 

A sewer scope inspection involves inserting a specialized camera into the sewer line to assess its condition. This allows homebuyers to see firsthand whether the line is in good shape or if there are hidden problems that need to be addressed before closing.

 

The Hidden Risks of Ignoring Sewer Lines

When a buyer moves into a home without knowing the condition of the sewer system, they may be in for an unpleasant surprise. Common issues found in sewer lines include:

• Tree Root Intrusion: Roots naturally seek water sources and can infiltrate sewer pipes, leading to severe blockages or even pipe collapse.
• Bellied or Sagging Pipes: A sag in the sewer line can collect debris and lead to backups.
• Old or Deteriorating Pipes: Many homes, especially those built before the 1980s, have clay or cast-iron pipes that degrade over time, leading to leaks and structural failures.
• Blockages and Buildup: Grease, debris, or foreign objects can create obstructions that affect drainage and increase the likelihood of backups.

 

Protecting Your Clients’ Investment

A sewer scope inspection provides buyers with peace of mind and negotiating power. If issues are discovered, buyers can request repairs or replacements as part of their negotiation, potentially saving them thousands of dollars. Alternatively, if the inspection confirms the sewer line is in good condition, it reassures buyers that they are making a sound investment.

 

Partner with a Trusted Home Inspector

By recommending sewer scope inspections to your clients, you are positioning yourself as a knowledgeable and proactive real estate professional. At Carey Home Inspection, we provide thorough sewer scope inspections with clear, detailed reports to help your clients make informed decisions.

 

Let’s work together to protect your clients from unexpected repair costs and ensure they move into their new homes with confidence. If you’d like to learn more about our sewer scope inspection services or schedule an inspection for your next listing, feel free to reach out.

Looking forward to partnering with you!

 

Videos

Check out a sewer inspection in action

Orangeburg Pipe inspection

Grease in a sewer line

Cut the Stress out of the Home Inspection

 

The home inspector and the buyer arrived at your listing ten minutes ago. Your seller is on pins and needles already knowing that their house is nice, but not perfect. You’ve let them know you will call as soon as you hear back from the buyer's agent, and the phone just rang. It’s the buyer's agent. No one needs the stress. There is a way to eliminate, or significantly reduce those calls. As a home inspector we have run into various situations where we needed to call the agent or seller, and have several suggestions on how to avoid it.

 

Make sure your seller turns everything on.
It’s not uncommon for sellers to disconnect or turn off services in a vacant house. I don’t blame them, it’s a safe thing to do to turn off the water or other appliances. In New York home inspectors are not required to turn on systems that are shut down, in some states like Massachusetts it’s actually against the law for a home inspector to do so. Without knowing why a system is turned off no one should turn it back on. It may be under repair or turned off for safety reasons. Confirming with the seller that the electric, water, heat and other systems are on can save a return trip or a call for someone to come out to the house during the inspection. Not only should main shut offs be on, individual systems should also be on. Water heaters and dishwashers are what we find most often shut down.

 

Make sure access to everything is available.
This includes all rooms, the garage, the basement, and the attic. If it’s just a few boxes or some clothing blocking the attic opening most inspectors will take the time to move them. Moving an entire UHaul truck of boxes in the garage to get to the electric panel may be a different story. Not having access means the buyer may want the inspector to return which can just delay the process. Sometimes we encounter locked rooms which always raises red flags, but often these rooms contain access to other systems such as the attic or garage. Making sure all doors are unlocked, the garage is accessible and there is a clear path to the electric panel, water services, heat, and sewer access is important. Another thing we’ve run into more than once is the lock box on the front door, but the storm door locked. This results in everyone standing outside waiting for the seller to return with a key.

 

Leave instructions for things only the seller knows.
A lot happens during an inspection, there isn’t always time to learn all the quirky things about a house. If there is a sub-panel for the addition behind the portrait of grandma in the second floor hallway, the inspector may never find it. Too often inspectors have to call sellers to find out the GFCI reset for the garage is behind the refrigerator in the kitchen or some other hidden spot. Another thing to remember is home inspectors are not always privileged to the conversations the buyers and sellers have had. If everyone knows the second floor tub leaks, let the inspector know before they have to call the agent about water dripping from the first floor ceiling.

 

With just a few things, sellers can eliminate many of the calls that are made to listing agents at inspection and provide for a smooth inspection. 

 

For more tips on what to do before an inspection, attend our upcoming CE class at the GCAR on 10 Things to do Before Your Home Inspection, or ask your broker to have us present it at your office.